What is RDP?
Remote Desktop Protocol is Microsoft’s remote display and input protocol for Windows.
Common security issues
Weak credentials exploited by brute force.
Network Level Authentication disabled.
Credential theft via RDP channel.
Known protocol vulnerabilities.
Default ports
3389
Enumeration
Fingerprint RDP via NTLM info, encryption levels, and TLS certs
RDP NTLM Info Fingerprinting
RDP TLS Certificate Extraction
Vulnerability Discovery
Detect BlueKeep, DejaBlue, and missing NLA on RDP hosts
RDP Known Vulnerability Detection
Identifies known RDP vulnerabilities including BlueKeep, DejaBlue, and misconfigurations using Nmap scripts, Metasploit modules, and manual version checks.
RDP NLA Not Enforced
Identifies RDP servers lacking Network Level Authentication, enabling pre-authentication attacks and brute force without valid credentials.
Exploitation
RDP exploitation via brute force, Pass-the-Hash, and RCE CVEs
RDP Brute Force and Password Spraying
Exploit RDP with brute force and password spraying techniques, targeting exposed 3389/TCP services to gain unauthorised access via credential attacks.
RDP Pass-the-Hash – GUI Session from an NT Hash
Leverage NT hashes for RDP authentication using Restricted Admin mode, bypassing plaintext credential requirements via pass-the-hash techniques with xfreerdp or Mimikatz.
Vulnerabilities
BlueKeep CVE-2019-0708 – Unauthenticated RDP RCE
Exploits CVE-2019-0708, an unauthenticated RCE vulnerability in Windows RDP via kernel UAF, enabling pre-auth SYSTEM-level code execution without user interaction.
DejaBlue CVE-2019-1181 – RDP RCE on Modern Windows
Exploits CVE-2019-1181 pre-auth RDP RCE via heap overflow in MS-RDPBCGR on Windows 8.1/10/Server 2012-2019 without requiring credentials.
Lateral Movement
Hijack disconnected RDP sessions via tscon and SharpRDPHijack
RDP Session Hijacking – tscon and SharpRDPHijack
Hijack active/disconnected RDP sessions without credentials using tscon.exe or SharpRDPHijack, enabling lateral movement via existing authenticated sessions.
Persistence
Guides on backdooring RDP via sticky keys and utilman hijacking